Introduction of Bulletproof vest

A ballistic vest or bullet-resistant vest, often called a bulletproof vest, is an item of personal armor that helps absorb the impact and reduce or stop penetration to the body from firearm-fired projectiles- and shrapnel from explosions, and is worn on the torso. Soft vests are made of many layers of woven or laminated fibers and can protect the wearer from small-caliber handgun and shotgunprojectiles, and small fragments from explosives such as hand grenades.
Overview
Ballistic vests use layers of very strong fibers to "catch" and deform a bullet, mushrooming it into a dish shape, and spreading its force over a larger portion of the vest fiber. The vest absorbs the energy from the deforming bullet, bringing it to a stop before it can completely penetrate the textile matrix. Some layers may be penetrated but as the bullet deforms, the energy is absorbed by a larger and larger fiber area.

While a vest can prevent bullet penetration, the vest and wearer still absorb the bullet's energy. Even without penetration, modern pistol bullets contain enough energy to cause blunt force trauma under the impact point. Vest specifications will typically include both penetration resistance requirements and limits on the amount of impact energy that is delivered to the body.
Vests designed for bullets offer little protection against blows from sharp implements, such as knives, arrows or ice picks, or from bullets manufactured of non-deformable materials, e.g., those containing a steel core instead of lead. This is because the impact force of these objects stays concentrated in a relatively small area, allowing them to puncture the fiber layers of most bullet-resistant fabrics.By contrast, stab vests provide better protection against sharp implements, but are generally less effective against bullets.
Recent years
Since the 1970s, several new fibers and construction methods for bulletproof fabric have been developed besides woven Kevlar, such as DSM'sDyneema, Honeywell's Gold Flex and Spectra, Teijin Twaron's Twaron, Pinnacle Armor's Dragon Skin, and Toyobo's Zylon. These newer materials are advertised as being lighter, thinner and more resistant than Kevlar, although they are much more expensive. The US military has developed body armor for the working dogs who aid GIs in battle.
Since 2004, U.S. Special Operations Command has been at work on a new full-body armor that will rely on rheology, or the technology behind the elasticity of liquids in skin care and automotive products. Named TALOS, this new technology may be used in the future.
Performance standards
Due to the various types of projectile, it is often inaccurate to refer to a particular product as "bulletproof" because this implies that it will protect against any and all threats. Instead, the term bullet resistant is generally preferred.
Body armor standards are regional. Around the world ammunition varies and as a result the armor testing must reflect the threats found locally. Law enforcement statistics show that many shootings where officers are injured or killed involve the officer's own weapon.As a result, each law enforcement agency or para-military organization will have their own standard for armor performance if only to ensure that their armor protects them from their own weapons. While many standards exist, a few standards are widely used as models. The US National Institute of Justice ballistic and stab documents are examples of broadly accepted standards. In addition to the NIJ, the UK Home Office Scientific Development Branch (HOSDB – formerly the Police Scientific Development Branch (PSDB)) standards are used by a number of other countries and organizations. These "model" standards are usually adapted by other counties by incorporation of the basic test methodologies with modification of the bullets that are required for test. NIJ Standard-0101.06 has specific performance standards for bullet resistant vests used by law enforcement. This rates vests on the following scale against penetration and also blunt trauma protection (deformation)

Bulletproof i haawi

A ballistic i haawi ole pōkā-hoʻopale i haawi, pinepine kapaʻia he bulletproof i haawi, he mau ukana a pau o ka kila e kōkua ka hoʻokemu i ka hopena, a ho'ēmi a paʻa anal i ke kino, mai ka pū kī-ki projectiles- a me ka shrapnel mai Naita me ia, a ua pohole ma ka torso. kahi i ke vests, ua hana mai o na papa o ka mea ulana, a laminated olona, ​​a me ke hoomalu i ka Burela mai liʻiliʻi-caliber handgun a me shotgunprojectiles, a me ka mea uuku hakina mai pahū e like me ka lima grenades.
Overview
Ballistic vests ho ohana papa o na olona, ​​he ikaika i ka "iʻa" a ino ka pōkā, mushrooming ia mea i loko o ka pa kinona, a hohola kona ikaika ma luna o ka hapa nui o ka i haawi puluniu, ke haawi absorbs ka ikehu mai ka ino pōkā, e lawe mai ana ia i ka hooki mamua o ka mea hiki loa komo i ka lole'ōpū mai. kekahi papa paha e komo iloko aka, e like me ka pōkā deforms, ka paka i ka ikehu ma kekahi papa hana nui a nui puluniu wahi.
Oiai ka haawi hiki pale pōkā anal, i ka haawi a me ka Burela nō hoʻokemu i ka pōkā ka ikehu, A me ka anal, laekahi panapana pōkā EIAaAO lawa ikehu e kauoha kūmūmū ikaika trauma ma lalo o ka hopena wahi, i haawi hoakaka e nō kāu loaʻa nā anal ia'ku koi a me na palena ma ka nui o ka hopena ikehu i ka mea i haawi mai ai i ke kino.
Vests papahana no ka mea, pōkā kaumaha iki palekana i ka hahau ana mai ka pahi e kakau mai, e like me ka pahi, pua a hau kaʻohiʻana i, a mai ka pōkā ua hanaʻia no ka non-deformable mea, e like me ka poe na ke kila kāna mau 'ōlelo ma ka hakahaka o kēpau, Eia no ka hopena ikaika o keia mau mea noho i kia maloko o ka kŘpa a uuku wahi, hiki lakou i puncture i ka puluniu papa o ka nui pōkā-hoʻopale fabrics.By akä, stab vests hoolako maikai ae palekana i ka pahi e kakau mai, aka, ua nui emi kona mana e ku e ia pōkā.

nā makahiki
Mai ka 1970s, na hou olona, ​​a me ka? Ieoaeunoai epekema no ka mea, bulletproof lole, ua ulu a keu aku i ulana Kevlar, e like me DSM'sDyneema, Honeywell ke gula Flex, a me Spectra, Teijin Twaron ke Twaron, oioi kapa kila ke Nihi Ka Skin, a Toyobo ka Zylon. Kēia mau polokalamu kele mea, ua haʻi'ē aku e like me he māmā, thinner a oi aku mamua o hoʻopale Kevlar, oiai ka mea, ua ikaika nui ae pipiʻi. The US koa ua ulu kino kapa kila, no ka hana ilio i ke kokua GIS i loko o ke kaua.
Mai ka 2004, US Special hana, e kauoha aku i ma ka hana, he hou piha-kino kaua a pau e hilinai aku maluna o rheology, ai 'ole ka' ike loea hou ma hope o ka elasticity ana o ke kinowai ma ka ili mālama, a me kaʻa huahana ma. Koho TALOS, e pono ia i hou 'enehana keia ma ka mua aku.

Auana kulekele hoʻohana
Aie i nāʻano likeʻole o ka lele, he mea pinepine paʻewa ai e kapa aku i kekahi huahana e like me "bulletproof" no ka mea, o keia implies ia mea, e hoomalu aku i kekahi, a me na olelo hooweliweli, aka, i ka makahiki pōkā hoʻopale, ua nui oʻa ia.
Kino kaua hae, he 'āina': puni ke ao nei ammunitionʻilikai a me ka hopena ho'āʻo ke kapa kila e noonoo i na olelo hooweliweli i loaa Tuamotu. Law mākaʻi 'ikepili helu hoike i na kī kahi luna i poino, a pepehi pū i ka luna o pono'ī kaua. [28] A? Acoeuoaoa , kela kanawai mākaʻi oihana a para-oihana koa hui, e loaa ia lakou ko hae iho no ka kaua hana, ina wale no e hōʻoia i ko lakou mau kapa kila i malama ia lakou, mai ko lakou mau lako kaua. Oiai na hae noho, he mau hae, ua hoʻomano hoʻohanaʻia e like me nā ana hoʻohālike. The US National Institute o Lunakanawai ballistic a me ka stab palapala, he ano he kumu hoʻohālike o broadly maliu hae ma waho aʻeo ka NIJ, ka UK Home Office Ho oholo Wae Development Branch (HOSDB - mamua o ka makai Ho oholo Wae Development Branch (PSDB)). mau hae i hoʻohanaʻia ka nui o na aina, a me ka hoʻonohonohoʻia : keia "ho" mau hae i ana hakuloli ma na counties ma incorporation o ke kumu o hoao ana methodologies me nā loli o nā pōkā i pono no ka hōʻike. NIJ Koo-0101.06 mea i ho'ākāka 'hana mau hae no ka pōkā hoʻopale vests hoʻohana' ia ma ke kanawai mākaʻi, keia holo 'awelika vests ma ke kēia pālākiō e ku anal a me kūmūmū trauma hoomaluia (deformation)